Reactor Design And Automation

• Targeted placement of varied injection ports specific to waste feeds’ phases and chemistries
• Built on proprietary metallurgical architecture and special refractory for corrosion-resistant halogenated waste destruction
• Leverages Honeywell Programmable Logic Controllers for consistency of operation, increased safety and without the need for dedicated personnel

Extreme Heat ─ 1,400°C

• Necessary for the near-complete destruction of very strong carbon-fluorine bonds (with dissociation energies up to 485 kJ/mol)
• Proven to destroy ultra-short chain gaseous C-F species at >99.998% DRE
• For increased reaction kinetics, enabling shorter residence times for greater overall throughput
• Quickly creates carbon radicals and fluorine radicals

Excess of Hydrogen Radicals

• Hydrogen is sourced from fuel (usually natural gas), spent solvents (like isopropanol, which also lowers energy costs), and water / steam
• Hydrogen radicals are highly reactive to form HF as an intermediate
• Avoids (reversible) carbon-fluorine recombination reactions and stoichiometrically ensures destruction of ultra-short chain C-F-gases for optimal destruction removal efficiency

Mineralization Of Fluorine

• Dry sorbent injection, using lime, allows calcium to react with the HF intermediate to produce a recycled CaF2
• By 2035, CaF2 demand is projected to surpass supply by 40-70% – highlighting the need for circularity
• US, Europe, and South Korea rely heavily on CaF2 imports from China, Mexico, Mongolia, Pakistan, and Afghanistan